{"id":35351,"date":"2023-01-19T11:33:13","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T10:33:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dua.com\/tr\/how-many-polish-live-in-uk\/"},"modified":"2024-10-09T14:15:01","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T12:15:01","slug":"ingilterede-kac-polonyali-yasiyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/ingilterede-kac-polonyali-yasiyor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ngiltere’de Ka\u00e7 Polonyal\u0131 Ya\u015f\u0131yor?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130ngiltere’de Ka\u00e7 Polonyal\u0131 Ya\u015f\u0131yor? Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 san\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar basit de\u011fil. Ulusal \u0130statistik Ofisi’ne (ONS) g\u00f6re, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta tahmini 831.000 Polonya uyruklu ki\u015fi ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Bu say\u0131 hem Polonya’da do\u011fanlar\u0131 hem de ba\u015fka bir yerde do\u011fup kendini Polonyal\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlayanlar\u0131 ya da Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve Polonya \u00e7ifte vatanda\u015f\u0131 olanlar\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu rakam, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta ya\u015fayan tahmini Polonyal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 olan 579.000’e k\u0131yasla \u00f6nemli bir art\u0131\u015fa i\u015faret etmektedir.Britanyal\u0131 Polonyal\u0131lar olarak da bilinen Polonyal\u0131 Britanyal\u0131lar, Polonya k\u00f6kenli Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k vatanda\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu terim, kan ba\u011f\u0131 Polonya’dan gelen ve \u0130ngiltere’de do\u011fan ki\u015fileri ve Polonya k\u00f6kenli g\u00f6\u00e7menleri kapsamaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7menlik yetkilileri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re, \u015fu anda \u0130ngiltere’de bu Do\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkesinde do\u011fan yakla\u015f\u0131k 900.000 ki\u015fi ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bu yeni demografi, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren \u0130rlandal\u0131lar, Hintliler, Pakistanl\u0131lar, Banglade\u015fliler, Almanlar ve \u00c7inlilerle birlikte \u0130ngiltere s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan en b\u00fcy\u00fck az\u0131nl\u0131k etnik gruplardan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

Orta\u00e7a\u011f’dan bu yana g\u00f6\u00e7<\/strong><\/h3>

Orta \u00c7a\u011f’dan itibaren \u0130ngiltere ve Polonya-Litvanya aras\u0131ndaki diplomatik ba\u011flar m\u00fcbadele yoluyla geli\u015fti. Polonya’n\u0131n 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130ngiltere’sindeki \u00f6nde gelen isimlerinden biri, \u0130ngiliz Reformu s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere Kilisesi’nin kurulmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynayan Protestan d\u00f6nmesi John Laski’ydi.Commonwealth’in 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Polonya’n\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinin ard\u0131ndan, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Polonya’n\u0131n y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu kovan iki ayaklanma (1831 ve 1863) nedeniyle \u0130ngiltere’ye d\u00fczenli bir Polonyal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Polonya yakla\u015fan devrimleri i\u00e7in uluslararas\u0131 yard\u0131m ararken, Londra geli\u015fen Polonya sosyalist ideolojilerinin merkezi haline geldi. \u00dclkeden s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131’nda \u0130ngiliz kuvvetleriyle birlikte sava\u015ft\u0131. Buna ek olarak, on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Avrupa’daki h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f Polonya’n\u0131n (Gali\u00e7ya) hem Rus hem de Avusturya sekt\u00f6rlerinde Yahudi Polonyal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 pogromlar ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u00c7o\u011funluk gidecekleri yer olarak Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’ni se\u00e7erken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da ba\u015fta Londra, Manchester, Leeds ve Kingston upon Hull olmak \u00fczere Britanya’daki \u015fehirlere yerle\u015fmeyi tercih etti.<\/p>

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Polonya toplumunun \u015fekillenmesi<\/strong><\/h3>

Britanya’da ya\u015fayan Polonyal\u0131lar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda katlanarak artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filerin \u00e7o\u011fu, Almanya ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin Eyl\u00fcl 1939’da Polonya’y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesi ve b\u00f6ylece \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan askeri birliklerin bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131.3 Eyl\u00fcl 1939’da Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k ve Fransa, m\u00fcttefikleri Polonya ile dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde olmak i\u00e7in Almanya’ya sava\u015f ilan etti. Bunun sonucunda Polonya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 – \u00f6nce Fransa’ya, 1940 May\u0131s’\u0131nda zamans\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kadar, sonra da s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak i\u00e7in Londra’ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Polonyal\u0131lar M\u00fcttefik davas\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki yaratt\u0131; deniz birlikleri “Pekin Plan\u0131” arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u0130ngiltere’nin Kraliyet Donanmas\u0131 ile birle\u015fen ilk birliklerdi Polonyal\u0131 pilotlar Britanya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere’nin Almanya’ya kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015f ve daha sonra Nazi i\u015fgali alt\u0131ndaki Fransa’n\u0131n i\u015fgali i\u00e7in di\u011fer M\u00fcttefiklerle g\u00fc\u00e7lerini birle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n sona ermesinin ard\u0131ndan Polonya Sovyet egemenli\u011fine girmi\u015f ve Polonyal\u0131 askerlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u0130ngiltere’de mahsur kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 Potsdam Anla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri sonucunda Polonya’n\u0131n do\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerinden gelen Polonyal\u0131 askerler b\u00fcy\u00fck bir endi\u015fe ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1945’ten sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f olsa da, Londra’daki s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki Polonya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, demokratik olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir ba\u015fkan\u0131n Var\u015fova’da iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ve nihayetinde feshetti\u011fi 1991 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>

Avrupa Birli\u011fi<\/h3>

2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nin geni\u015flemesi ve Britanya’n\u0131n yeni \u00fcye \u00fclkelerden gelen g\u00f6\u00e7menlere yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 davet, \u00e7ok say\u0131da Polonyal\u0131y\u0131 Almanya yerine Britanya’ya gitmeye ikna etti. Bu say\u0131, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya’ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan yakla\u015f\u0131k 200.000 Polonyal\u0131 ile birle\u015fti. Yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte biri bu d\u00f6nemde Britanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerine yerle\u015fti.<\/p>

Polonya K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Etkisi<\/strong><\/h3>

Leh\u00e7e \u0130ngiltere’de son derece pop\u00fclerdir ve burada en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan ikinci dil olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra t\u00fcm Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dildir. \u0130ngiltere’de ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %1’i Leh\u00e7e konu\u015fmaktad\u0131r! \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, 2001’den bu yana bu n\u00fcfus on kattan fazla artarak Polonyal\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngiltere’ye getirmi\u015ftir, ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131 ONS’ye Polonyal\u0131 olarak kaydolmam\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011finden bu say\u0131 daha y\u00fcksek olabilir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon \u0130ngiliz vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Polonya’da do\u011fmu\u015f en az bir ebeveyne sahip oldu\u011fu ve 500.000 ki\u015finin de Polonya k\u00f6kenli olabilece\u011fi ancak kendilerini Polonyal\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlamad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.1. Bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7indeki istihdam durumu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Polonya toplumu orant\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck vas\u0131fl\u0131 veya vas\u0131fs\u0131z i\u015flerde istihdam edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, bir\u00e7o\u011fu y\u00f6netici pozisyonlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta veya y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim niteliklerine sahiptir. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’taki Polonyal\u0131 n\u00fcfus aras\u0131nda en pop\u00fcler sekt\u00f6rler in\u015faat, konaklama ve yiyecek-i\u00e7ecek, imalat ve tar\u0131md\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok Polonya vatanda\u015f\u0131 da serbest meslek sahibi veya giri\u015fimci olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

Polonya diasporas\u0131 ne kadar da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k?<\/strong><\/h3>

Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta ya\u015fayan tahmini 831.000 Polonyal\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, y\u0131ll\u0131k n\u00fcfus ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na g\u00f6re 753.000 olarak tahmin edilen \u0130ngiltere’de ikamet etmektedir. Polonyal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin en yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler Londra (259.000), G\u00fcney Do\u011fu (139.000) ve Do\u011fu Midlands (82.000). \u0130sko\u00e7ya tahmini 55.700 Polonyal\u0131ya, Galler 25.400 Polonyal\u0131ya ve Kuzey \u0130rlanda 10.800 Polonyal\u0131ya ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta ya\u015fayan tahmini 831.000 Polonya vatanda\u015f\u0131na ek olarak, k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli istihdam veya e\u011fitim f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici olarak gelen \u00e7ok daha fazla say\u0131da ki\u015fi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Polonya Bas\u0131n Ajans\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131n zamanda yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 50,000 Polonyal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’a gelirken, 20,000 gen\u00e7 de e\u011fitim i\u00e7in gelmektedir ve b\u00f6ylece toplam 900,000 Polonyal\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r Genel olarak, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta Polonya k\u00f6kenli ve miras\u0131na sahip yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon ki\u015finin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir ve bu da onlar\u0131 Britanya’daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck etnik gruplardan biri yapmaktad\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz toplumuna ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r ve bulunmaya devam etmektedirler.<\/p>

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h3>

Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta ya\u015fayan Polonyal\u0131lar, \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda \u0130ngiliz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Say\u0131lar\u0131 bir milyona ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilen Polonyal\u0131lar, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u015fehrini doldurmu\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bunun nedeni, son y\u0131llarda i\u015f ya da e\u011fitim f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in hem ge\u00e7ici hem de kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak Polonya’ya g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda yerlerinden edilenlerdir. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131, \u0130ngiliz topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 etmelerinin en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden biridir Polonyal\u0131lar in\u015faat, konaklama, imalat ve tar\u0131m gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerde istihdam edilerek topluma b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sa\u011flamaya devam etmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca bug\u00fcn Britanya’daki ya\u015fam\u0131 zenginle\u015ftiren k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi de beraberinde getirmektedirler. Gelece\u011fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bu canl\u0131 toplulu\u011fun bir ulus olarak Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’\u0131n tarihini nas\u0131l \u015fekillendirmeye devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6rmek ilgin\u00e7 olacak!<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":36394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[143],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35351"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35351\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spotted.de\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}